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Baron SandysBaron Sandys is a title that has been created in the Peerage of Great Britain and the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation ended in extinction, while the second barony remains extant.
Barons Sandys, First Creation (1743)
- Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys (1695-1770)
- Edwin Sandys, 2nd Baron Sandys (1726-1797)
Barons Sandys, Second Creation (1802)
- Mary Hill, 1st Baroness Sandys (1774-1836)
- Arthur Moyses William Hill, 2nd Baron Sandys (1793-1860)
- Arthur Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys (1798-1863)
- Augustus Frederick Arthur Sandys, 4th Baron Sandys (1840-1904)
- Michael Edwin Sandys Sandys, 5th Baron Sandys (1855-1948)
- Arthur Fitzgerald Sandys Hill, 6th Baron Sandys (1876-1961)
- Richard Michael Oliver Hill, 7th Baron Sandys (b. 1931)
Sandys
Peerage of Great Britain
The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Act of Union 1707 but before the Act of Union 1800. The Peerage of Great Britain thus replaced the Peerages of England and Scotland, until it was itself replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801. Until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, all Peers of Great Britain could sit in the House of Lords. The ranks of the Great British peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount and Baron.
In the following table of Great British peers, higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed.
Dukes in the Peerage of Great Britain
Marquesses in the Peerage of Great Britain
Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain
Viscounts in the Peerage of Great Britain
Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain
See also
- UK topics
Great Britain
Great Britain
Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801. In that year, the Peerage of Great Britain was replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom. New peers continued to be created in the Peerage of Ireland; the creations ceased with the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922.
Until the House of Lords Act 1999 was passed, all Peers of the UK could sit in the House of Lords. The ranks of the peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron.
In the following table of peers, higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed, as are Life peerages in the Peerage of the UK.
Dukes in the Peerage of the UK
Marquesses in the Peerage of the UK
Earls and Countesses in the Peerage of the UK
Viscounts in the Peerage of the UK
Hereditary Barons in the Peerage of the UK
Life Barons and Baronesses in the Peerage of the UK
1743
Events
- February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister
- February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handel's oratorio, Samson.
- September 13 - Treaty of Worms (1743) - a treaty between Great Britain, Austria and Sardinia
- Battle of Dettingen
Ongoing events
- War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)
Births
- January 25 - Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher (d. 1819)
- February 13 - Sir Joseph Banks, British naturalist and botanist (d. 1820)
- February 19 - Luigi Boccherini, Italian composer (d. 1805)
- February 23 - Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German-born banker (d. 1812)
- March 4 - Johann David Wyss, Swiss author (d. 1818)
- April 13 - Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States (d. 1826)
- May 17 - Seth Warner American revolutionary hero (d. 1784)
- August 26 - Antoine Lavoisier, French chemist (d. 1794)
- September 11 - Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, Danish painter (d. 1809)
- September 17 - Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician, philosopher, and political scientist (d. 1794)
- José Fernando de Abascal, Spanish viceroy of Peru
Deaths
- January 29 - Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV (b. 1653)
- January 29 - Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre, French writer (b. 1658)
- February 18 - Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, last of the Medicis (b. 1667)
- April 4 - Daniel Neal, English historian (b. 1678)
- July 2 - Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, English statesman
- August 5 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey, English statesman and writer (b. 1696)
- September 14 - Nicolas Lancret, French painter (b. 1690)
- September 21 - Jai Singh II, King of Amber-Juiper, India (b. 1688)
- October 4 - John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish soldier (b. 1678)
- December 27 - Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (b. 1659)
Category:1743
ko:1743년
1695
Events
- January 27 -
Change of emperor of
the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703)
- July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament.
- December 31 - A window tax is imposed in England causing many shopkeepers to brick up their windows to avoid the tax.
- Russia declares war on Turkey
- Freezing winter in France - wine freezes in the glasses in Versailles
- £2 fine for swearing in England
Births
- February 2 - William Borlase, English naturalist (d. 1772)
- February 6 - Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1726)
- April 8 - Johann Christian Gunther, German poet (d. 1723)
- May 2 - Jean-Nicolas Servan, French architect and painter (d. 1766)
- May 3 - Henri Pitot, French engineer (d. 1771)
- September 3 - Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
- September 5 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
- October 5 - John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)
- November 10 - John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (d. 1771)
Deaths
- January 4 - François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Luxembourg, French general (b. 1628)
- February 6 - Ahmed II of Turkey (b. 1643)
- March 5 - Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
- April 3 - Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter
- April 5 - George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (b. 1633)
- April 13 - Jean de la Fontaine, French writer (b. 1621)
- April 17 - Sor Juana, Mexican writer
- April 27 - John Trenchard, English statesman (b. 1640)
- April 28 - Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (b. 1621)
- June 11 - André Félibien, French architect (b. 1619)
- July 8 - Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician and physicist (b. 1629)
- July 18 - Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
- August 6 - François de Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris (b. 1625)
- November 16 - Pierre Nicole, French Jansensist (b. 1625)
- November 20 - Zumbi, Brazilian leader of a runaway slave colony (b. 1655)
- November 21 - Henry Purcell, English composer
- November 28 - Anthony Wood, English antiquarian (b. 1632)
- November 29 - James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, Scottish lawyer and statesman (b. 1619)
- December 8 - Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville, French orientalist (b. 1625)
- December 12 - Jacob Abendana, British rabbi (b. 1630)
Category:1695
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1770
1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).
Events
- March 5 - Boston Massacre: 5 Americans killed by British troops in an event that would help start the American Revolutionary War 5 years later.
- May 14 - Marie Antoinette arrives at the French court.
- May 16 - 14-year old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year old Louis-Auguste (who later becomes Louis XVI King of France).
- May 16 - Fireworks at the wedding of the crown prince of France in Paris cause a fire – 800 dead
- July 1 - Comet Lexell (D/1770 L1) passes the Earth
- August 22 - James Cook claimed for Great Britain the eastern coast of New Holland (Australia)
- Joseph Priestley, British chemist, recommends the use of a rubber to remove pencil marks.
- Joseph Louis Lagrange proves Bachet's Conjecture.
Births
- February 21 - Georges Mouton, Marshal of France (d. 1838)
- March 2 - Louis Gabriel Suchet, Marshal of France (d. 1826)
- March 20 - Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (d. 1843)
- April 7 - William Wordsworth, English poet (d. 1850)
- April 25 - Georg Sverdrup, Norwegian philologist (d. 1850)
- April 30 - David Thompson, English-Canadian explorer (d. 1857)
- May 10 - Louis Nicolas Davout, Marshal of France (d. 1823)
- August 1 - William Clark, explorer, Governor of Missouri Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1838)
- August 3 - King Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840)
- August 27 - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher (d. 1831)
- December 17 - (baptized) Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer (d. 1827)
- december 18 - Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marshal of France and Minister of War (d. 1840)
Deaths
- January 7 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
- January 20 - Charles Yorke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1722)
- February 26 - Giuseppe Tartini, Italian composer and violinist (b. 1692)
- March 27 - Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Venetian artist (b. 1696)
- April 25 - Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (b. 1700)
- May 30 - François Boucher, French painter (b. 1703)
- June 23 - Mark Akenside, English poet and physician (b. 1721)
- July 27 - Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
- August 24 - Thomas Chatterton, English poet (b. 1752)
- September 30 - Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, English politician and diplomat
- September 30 - George Whitefield, English-born Methodist leader (b. 1714)
- October 18 - John Manners, Marquess of Granby, British soldier (b. 1721)
- November 9 - John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician
- November 13 - George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1712)
- November 24 - Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian (b. 1685)
- December 5 - James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (b. 1692)
Category:1770
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1726
Events
- George Friderich Handel becomes a British subject.
- Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver's Travels.
- The city of Montevideo was established.
- Mary Toft allegedly gives birth to 16 rabbits in England, later revealed to be a hoax.
- The Gujin tushu jicheng, an immense Chinese encyclopedia, is printed using movable copper type.
Births
- March 8 - Richard Howe, British admiral (d. 1799)
- April 5 - Benjamin Harrison V, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1791)
- April 12 - Charles Burney, English music historian (d. 1814)
- May 12 - Alexander Hood, British naval officer (d. 1814)
- June 3 - James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797)
- June 14 - Thomas Pennant, Welsh naturalist (d. 1798)
- August 7 - James Bowdoin, American Revolutionary leader and politician (d. 1790)
- August 9 - Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (d. 1778)
- September 1 - François-André Danican Philidor, French composer and chess player (d. 1795)
- October 16 - Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish painter (d. 1801)
- John Anderson, Scottish scientist (d. 1796)
- Jacques-Donatien Le Ray, French supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1803)
Deaths
- January 2 - Domenico Zipoli, Italian composer (b. 1688)
- January 25 - Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (b. 1675)
- February 26 - Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria (b. 1662)
- March 5 - Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, English politician
- March 26 - John Vanbrugh, English architect and dramatist (b. 1664)
- April 28 - Thomas Pitt, British Governor of Madras (b. 1653)
- May 10 - Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, English soldier (b. 1670)
- June 18 - Michel Richard Delalande, French organist and composer (b. 1657)
- July 8 - John Ker, Scottish spy (b. 1673)
- July 31 - Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1695)
- November 23 - Sophia, Princess of Zelle, queen of George I of the United Kingdom (b. 1666)
- December 2 - Samuel Penhallow, American colonist and historian (b. 1665)
Category:1726
ko:1726년
1797
1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January 3 - The Treaty of Tripoli (a peace treaty between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Algiers.
- January 7 - The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as official flag. It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
- January 15 - London haberdasher James Hetherington wears the first top hat in public and attracts a large crowd of onlookers. He is later fined £50 for causing public nuisance
- February 14 - The Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), part of the Wars of the French Revolution.
- February 18 - Spanish Governor Chacon peacefully surrenders the colony of Trinidad and Tobago to a British naval force.
- February 22 - Attempted invasion of Britain at Fishguard in Wales by French forces
- February 26 - The Bank of England (national bank of Britain) issues the first one pound note (discontinued March 11 1988).
- March 4 - John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
- May 12 - First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice, ending the 1070 years of independence of the city. Last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, steps down.
- July 24 - Horatio Nelson is wounded at Tenerife, causing a loss of one arm.
- September 7 - Treaty of Campo Formio ends the War of the First Coalition.
- October 21 - In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli.
- December 17 - Napoleon leads a successful French charge against Fort l'Aiguilette to secure Toulon for French
- Large-scale mutinies in Royal Navy
- Joseph Haydn composes the music to "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser," the tune of which also became the music to the German national anthem, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles."
Ongoing events
- French Revolution (1789-1799)
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-First Coalition
Births
- January 10 - Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, German writer (d. 1848)
- January 31 - Franz Schubert, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1828)
- February 15 -Henry Engelhard Steinway, German-American piano manufacturer (d. 1817)
- March 22 - Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany (d. 1888)
- March 27 - Alfred de Vigny, French author (d. 1863)
- May 6 - Joseph Brackett, American religious leader and composer (d. 1882)
- May 18 - Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, (d. 1854)
- July 20 - Sir Paweł Edmund Strzelecki, Polish explorer and geologist (d. 1873)
- August 30 - Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English writer (d. 1851)
- October 3 - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1870)
- November 14 - Sir Charles Lyell, British geologist (d. 1875)
- November 29 - Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (d. 1848)
- December 13 - Heinrich Heine, German poet (d. 1856)
- December 17 - Joseph Henry, American scientist (d. 1878)
Deaths
- January 13 - Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, queen of Frederick II of Prussia (b. 1715)
- February 11 - Antoine Dauvergne, French composer (b. 1713)
- February 22 - Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freiherr von Münchhausen, German officer and adventurer (b. 1720)
- March 2 - Horace Walpole, English politician and writer (b. 1717)
- March 26 - James Hutton Scottish geologist (b. 1726)
- May 17 - Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist (b. 1719)
- May 25 - John Griffin Whitwell, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British field marshal (b. 1719)
- May 27 - François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1760)
- May 27 - Augustin Alexandre Darthé, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1769)
- July 9 - Edmund Burke, Irish philosopher (b. 1723)
- August 3 - Jeffrey Amherst, British military commander (b. 1717)
- August 22 - Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, Alsatian-born Austrian general (b. 1724)
- October 9 - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720)
- November 16 - King Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744)
- November 18 - Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, French shipbuilder and merchant (b. 1719)
- November 29 - Samuel Langdon, American President of Harvard University (b. 1723)
- December 11 - Richard Brocklesby, English physician (b. 1722)
Category:1797
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1802
1802 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).
Events
- March 16 - West Point is established.
- March 25/27 - Treaty of Amiens between France and United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition.
- March 28 - H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Pallas.
- May 19 - Napoleon Bonaparte establishes the French légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour).
- June 8 - Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture is seized by French troops and sent to Fort-de-Jeux for prison.
- July 4 - At West Point, New York the United States Military Academy opens.
- August 2 - In a plebiscite Napoleon Bonaparte is confirmed as consul for life.
- September 11 - The Italian region of Piedmont becomes a part of Napoleonic France.
- October 2 - War ends between Sweden and Tripoli. The United States also negotiates peace, but war continues over the size of compensation.
- July - Eleuthère Irénée du Pont founds E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the modern DuPont Company.
- October - French army enters Switzerland.
- Marie Tussaud opens her famous wax museum in London, having been commissioned during the Reign of Terror to make death masks of the victims.
- Treviranus uses the term biology for the first time.
- Thomas Wedgwood produces the world's first photograph, but has no means of fixing the image, which quickly fades.
- William Symington builds the first successful steamship, the Charlotte Dundas.
- Ludwig van Beethoven performs the Moonlight Sonata for the first time.
- William Wordsworth publishes the poem "Westminster Bridge."
- The estimated world population reaches 1 billion people.
Ongoing events
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)
- Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
Births
- February 11 - Lydia Child, American abolitionist author (d. 1880)
- February 19 - Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1881)
- February 26 - Victor Hugo, French author (d. 1885)
- April 4 - Dorothea Dix, American social activist (d. 1887)
- July 24 - Alexandre Dumas, père, French author (d. 1870)
- July 26 - Mariano Arista, President of Mexico (d. 1855)
- August 5 - Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician (d. 1829)
- August 22 - Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, American land speculator (d. 1886)
- November 9 - Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (d. 1837)
- December 15 - Janos Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1860)
- December 23 - Sara Coleridge, British scholar (d. 1852)
Deaths
- February 2 - Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip, British statesman (b. 1713)
- February 3 - Pedro Rodríguez, Conde de Campomanes, Spanish statesman and writer (b. 1723)
- February 26 - Esek Hopkins, American Revolutionary War admiral (b. 1718)
- April 18 - Erasmus Darwin, English physician and botanist (b. 1731)
- June 4 - Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy, King of Sardinia (b. 1751)
- August 10 - Franz Aepinus, German philosopher (b. 1724)
- September 26 - Baron Jurij Vega, Slovenian mathematician, physicist, and soldier (b. 1754)
- November 9 - Thomas Girtin, English artist (b. 1775)
- November 15 - George Romney, English artist (b. 1734)
- November 16 - André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746)
- July 22 - Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and physiologist (b. 1771)
Category:1802
ko:1802년
ms:1802
1774
1774 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January 21 - Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I.
- May 10 - Louis XVI becomes King of France.
- June 2 - Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to let British soldiers into their homes, is reenacted.
- June 11 - Jews in Algier escape the attack of the Spanish army.
- July 21 - Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774: Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji ending six years of war. The treaty does give Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics to protect its Christian subjects.
- September 5 - First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- October 21 - First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts and which was in defiance of British rule in Colonial America.
- The British pass the Quebec Act setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America.
Births
- February 11 - Hans Jarta, Swedish political activist and administrator (d. 1847)
- February 24 - Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge (d. 1850)
- March 16 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer (d. 1814)
- July 20 - Auguste Marmont, French marshal (d. 1852)
- August 12 - Robert Southey, English poet and biographer (d. 1843)
- September 5 - Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)
Deaths
- January 21 - Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1717)
- February 4 - Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (b. 1701)
- April 4 - Oliver Goldsmith, English writer (b. 1730)
- May 4 - Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1714)
- May 10 - King Louis XV of France (b. 1710)
- May 30 - Alexander Pope English poet (b. 1668)
- July 1 - Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (b. 1705)
- July 11 - Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-born New York pioneer
- July 14 - James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine, British field marshal (b. 1682)
- August 11 - Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722)
- August 14 - Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (b. 1716)
- August 25 - Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714)
- September 22 - Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705)
- September 25 - John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714)
- October 23 - Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist (b. 1715)
- November 22 - Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British general and statesman (b. 1725)
- December 2 - Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720)
- December 16 - François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694)
Category:1774
ko:1774년
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1836
1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent
- February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York.
- February 23 - The siege of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, Texas.
- February 24 - Samuel Colt receives a patent for the Colt revolver
- March 1 - Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos to deliberate independence from Mexico
- March 1 - Antonio García Gutiérrez's play El Trovador played for the first time
- March 2 - Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico.
- March 5 - Samuel Colt makes the first pistol (.34-caliber).
- March 6 - After a 13-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 189 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort taken.
- March 27 - Texas Revolution: Goliad massacre - Antonio López de Santa Anna orders the Mexican army to kill about 400 Texans at Goliad, Texas
- March 31 - Marshall College, named for John Marshall, opens in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. It later merges with Franklin College to become Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
- April 20 - U.S. Congress passes act creating the Wisconsin Territory
- April 21 - Texas Revolution: Battle of San Jacinto - Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. (Santa Anna and hundreds of his troops are taken prisoner along the San Jacinto River the next day.)
- May 15 - Francis Baily, during an eclipse of the sun, observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads
- June 15 - Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.
- July 11 - President Andrew Jackson issues the Specie Circular, beginning the failure of the land speculation economy that would lead to the Panic of 1837.
- September 1 - Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white woman to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
- September 5 - Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
- September 8 - Transcendental Club founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts
- October 2 - Naturalist Charles Darwin returns to Falmouth, England aboard the HMS Beagle after a 5-year journey collecting biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution.
- October 31 - Bristol riot - In Bristol, England, large crowd protests against the decision of the House of Lords to defeat the Reform Act. They burn down 100 houses, including the Bishop's Palace, the Custom House and the Mansion House and release prisoners. The dragoons attack the crowd and kill and wound hundreds
- November - Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison in the U.S. presidential election
- December 10 - Emory College, the forerunner of Emory University, is chartered in Oxford, Georgia.
- December 20 - Sudden freeze kills many travelers in Illinois.
- December 28 - Proclamation of the colony of South Australia, now celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day.
- December 28 - Spain recognizes independence of Mexico.
Unknown dates
- Chartists in Britain demand universal male suffrage.
- Boers in South Africa begin the Great Trek across the Orange River.
- Henry R. Campbell builds the first 4-4-0, a steam locomotive type that will soon become the most common on all railroads of the United States.
- First printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary.
- Andrew Crosse's electrical experiment seems to produce strange insects; they are named acarus calvanicus
- American Temperance Union established.
Births
- January 2 - Mendele Moykher Sforim, Russian Yiddish writer (d. 1917)
- January 14 - Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter (d. 1904)
- January 27 - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (d. 1895)
- February 16 - Robert Halpin, Irish mariner and cable layer (d. 1894)
- February 18 - Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Bengali religious leader (d. 1886)
- February 21 - Léo Delibes, French composer (d. 1891)
- February 24 - Winslow Homer, American artist (d. 1910)
- March 20 - Sir Edward Poynter, French-born artist (d. 1919)
- April 27 - Major Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (d. 1897)
- May 27 - Jay Gould, American financier (d. 1892)
- May 28 - Alexander Mitscherlich, German chemist (d. 1918)
- May 31 - Jules Chéret, French printmaker (d. 1932)
- June 2 - Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (d. 1910)
- July 8 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
- July 9 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
- August 13 - Bishop Nikolai of Japan, Russian Orthodox priest (d. 1912)
- August 24 - Susan Agnes Bernard, First Lady of Canada (d. 1920)
- August 25 - Bret Harte, American writer (d. 1902)
- September 11 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (d. 1870)
- October 15 - James Tissot, French artist (d. 1902)
- November 11 - Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (d. 1907
1793
1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January 2 - Russia and Prussia partition Poland
- January 9 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a balloon in the United States.
- January 21 - After being found guilty of treason by the French Convention, "Citizen Capet" ie. Louis XVI of France is guillotined.
- February 1 - France declares war on Great Britain, the Netherlands (see French Revolutionary Wars)
- February 12 - The Congress of the United States passes a law legally requiring the return of slaves escaping from slave states into free territory or states, the Fugitive Slave Act
- February 25 - George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting as President of the United States.
- February 27 - The Giles resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamilton's handling of loans.
- March 1 - John Langdon becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate until March 3
- March 5 - French troops are defeated by Austrian forces and Liège is recaptured
- March 7 - France declares war on Spain
- April 1 - Unsen volcano erupts in Japan and causes an earthquake. About 53.000 dead
- April 6 - Committee of Public Safety established in France with Georges Danton as its head.
- April 22 - George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation.
- May 31 - Regular troops under Francois Hanriet demand that the Girondins must be expelled from the national convention
- June 2 - Girondins overthrown
- June 10 - The Jardin des Plantes museum opened in Paris (a year later it would become the first public zoo).
- July 9 - Act Against Slavery passed in Upper Canada
- July 13 – Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath
- July 22 - Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing north of Mexico
- July 29 - John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there
- August 10 - Feast of Unity - Crowds in Paris burn monarchist emblems
- August 23 - Universal conscription in France
- September 5 - In France, the French National Convention votes to implement terror measures to repress French Revolutionary activities. The ensuing "Reign of Terror" will last until the spring of 1794 and causes death of 35,000-40,000 people.
- October 12 - The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on the campus of the University of North Carolina. The 12th of October is now celebrated at the University as University Day.
- November 8 - In Paris, the French Revolutionary government opens the Louvre to the public as a museum
- October 16 - Execution of Marie Antoinette
- October 28 - Eli Whitney applied for a patent for his cotton gin, (the patent was granted the following March).
- October 31 - Execution of arrested Girondist leaders in France in a guillotine
- November 24 – French Revolutionary Calendar begins
- December 8 - Execution of Madame du Barry
- December 9- New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.
- December 17 - French forces under Napoleon capture Toulon from royalists and British troops
Unknown dates
- British admiralty begins to supply citrus juice to Navy ships to prevent scurvy.
- Claude Chappe presents his semaphore in France - 15 stations built within a year.
- In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania more than 4000 die from yellow fever
- Roman Catholicism banned in France.
- First Coalition against France formed.
- Holy Roman Empire declares war on France.
- First year of regular production for the United States Mint.
- Construction begins on the United States Capitol building.
- Niccolò Paganini debuts as a violin virtuoso at age 11.
Ongoing events
- French Revolution (1789-1799)
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-First Coalition
Births
- January 3 - Lucretia Mott, American women's rights activist and abolitionist (d. 1880)
- March 2 - Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)
- March 4 - Karl Lachmann, German philologist (d. 1851)
- April 19 - Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
- June 6 - Edward C. Delevan, American temperance movement leader (d. 1871)
- November 3 - Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (d. 1836)
Deaths
- January 1 - Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (b. 1712)
- January 21 - King Louis XVI of France (executed) (b. 1754)
- February 1 - William Wildman Shute Barrington, British statesman (b. 1717)
- February 6 - Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (b. 1707)
- March 2 - Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist
- March 4 - Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre, French admiral (b. 1725)
- March 20 - William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (b. 1705)
- March 26 - John Mudge, English physician and inventor (b. 1721)
- April 15 - Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian Jesuit missionary and geographer (b. 1718)
- April 29 - Yechezkel Landau, Polish rabbi and Talmudist (b. 1713)
- April 29 - John Michell, English scientist (b. 1724)
- May 3 - Martin Gerbert, German theologian and historian (b. 1720)
- May 7 - Pietro Nardini, Italian composer (b. 1722)
- May 20 - Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist (b. 1720)
- June 26 - Gilbert White, English ornithologist (b. 1720)
- July 13 - Jean Paul Marat, Swiss-born French Revolutionary leader (assassinated) (b. 1743)
- July 17 - Charlotte Corday, French assassin of Jean Paul Marat (executed) (b. 1768)
- July 23 - Roger Sherman, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1721)
- August 22 - Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, Marshal of France (b. 1713)
- August 28 - Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, French general (executed) (b. 1740)
- October 7 - Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician (b. 1718)
- October 8 - John Hancock, American patriot and businessman (b. 1737)
- October 9 - Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1718)
- October 16 - Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (executed) (b. 1755)
- October 31 - Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1744)
- October 31 - Claude Fauchet, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1754)
- October 31 - Armand Gensonné, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1758)
- October 31 - Jacques Pierre Brissot, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1754)
- November 3 - Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (executed) (b. 1748)
- November 6 - Louis Philip II, Duke of Orléans, French noble and revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1747)
- November 8 - Madame Roland, French Revolutionary hostess (executed) (b. 1754)
- November 10 - Jean Marie Roland, French revolutionary leader (suicide) (b. 1734
- November 24 - Clément Charles François de Laverdy, French statesman (b. 1723)
- November 29 - Antoine Barnave, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1761)
- December 4 - Armand-Guy-Simon de Coetnempren, comte de Kersaint, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1742)
- December 5 - Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Etienne French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1743)
- December 7 - Joseph Bara, French Revolution child-hero (b. 1780)
- December 8 - Étienne Clavière, French financier and politician (suicide) (b. 1735)
- December 8 - Madame du Barry, French courtesan (executed) (b. 1743)
- December 23 - Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (b. 1699)
Category:1793
ko:1793년
ms:1793
18601860 is the leap year starting on Sunday.
Events
- January 2 - The discovery of the planet Vulcan was announced at a meeting of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.
- March 6 - Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut
- April 3 - The Pony Express begins its first run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California.
- April 4 – New uprising in Palermo
- May 1 - A chondrite type meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New Concord.
- May 5 - Giuseppe Garibaldi and his troops depart from Questa on the Expedition of the Thousand
- May 8 - In New Granada (modern-day Colombia) southern state of Cauca secedes from the central government in protest of the suggestion of increase of presidential powers. Magdalena and Bolivar join it
- May 9 - The Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.
- May 15 - Battle of Catalafimi; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples in Sicily, during the Second Italian independence war.
- May 18 - Abraham Lincoln is selected as the US presidential candidate for the Republican party.
- May 27 - Garibaldi's forces take Palermo, the capital of Sicily.
- June 24 - First nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England.
- July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded.
- July 9 - Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad was executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
- July 11 - Mutsuhito becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
- July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox monk under the name Nikolai.
- July 20 - The forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat royal Neapolitan forces at the Battle of Milazzo, near Messina. Nearly all of Sicily was now under Garibaldi's control.
- July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as deacon.
- July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as priest.
- August 22 - Assisted by the British navy, the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland
- September 7 - Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown.
- September 7 - Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces capture Naples.
- September 10 - Piedmontese forces invade the Papal States hoping to link up with Garibaldi in Naples
- September 18 - Battle of Castelfidardo. The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory
- John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
- October 1 - The Battle of the Volturno
- October 5 - Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of clashes between Maronites and Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year
- October 19 - New Maori revolt begins in New Zealand
- October 26 - Battle of the Volturno. Garibaldi again defeats the Neapolitan forces, advancing on Gaeta, the last remaining Neapolitan strong-point.
- October 26 - Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II.
- November 3 - The combined forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II besiege King Francis II of the Two Sicilies in Gaeta, his last remaining stronghold.
- November 6 - U.S. presidential election, 1860: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge and is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
- December 20 - South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union.
- December 29 - The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior is launched.
Unknown Dates
- Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States besides Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy.
- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovers caesium and rubidium (see Discovery of the chemical elements)
- Buenos Aires leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores
- Augustana College is founded in Rock Island, Illinois, United States by Swedish immigrants.
Births
January-April
- January 11 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (d. 1884)
- January 25 - Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
- January 29 - William Jacob Baer, American painter (d. 1941)
- January 29- Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
- February 11 - Rachilde, French author (d. 1953)
- February 29 - Herman Hollerith, American businessman and inventor (d. 1929)
- March 2 - Susanna M. Salter, first woman mayor in the United States (d. 1961)
- March 5 - Sam Thompson, baseball player (d. 1922)
- March 13 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (d. 1903)
- March 19 - William Jennings Bryan, American politician (d. 1925)
- March 22 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. 1940)
- March 27 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (d. 1924)
May-August
- May 2 - Theodor Herzl, founder of modern political Zionism (d. 1904)
- May 9 - J. M. Barrie, Scottish author (d. 1937)
- May 20 - Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
- May 21 - Willem Einthoven, Dutch inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
- May 25 - James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (d. 1944)
- May 29 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)
- June 20 - Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. 1937)
- July 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist (d. 1935)
- July 7 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
- July 19 - Lizzie Borden, American murder suspect (d. 1927)
- August 3 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
- August 7 - Alan Leo, British astrologer (d. 1917)
- August 16 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
September-December
- September 5 - Andrew Volstead, American politician (d. 1947)
- September 6 - Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
- September 13 - John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
- November 1 - Boies Penrose, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. 1921)
- November 6 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1941)
- November 23 - Billy the Kid, American gunfighter (d. 1881)
- November 23 - Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
- December 7 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947)
- December 15 - Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1904)
- John Coughlin, American politician (d. 1938)
- Frederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer (d. 1938)
- Albert Giraud, Belgian poet (d. 1929)
- Lancelot Speed, British illustrator (d. 1931)
Deaths
- January 27 - János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1802)
- January 27 - Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer (b. 1883)
- January 29 - Stephanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1789)
- February 20 - Henry Drummond, Canadian poet (b. 1851)
- March 17 - Anna Jameson, German author
- March 25 - James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
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